Anjeer tree, commonly known as the fig tree, is widely grown in home gardens. The fig tree has always had great significance in different cultures for centuries. In this guide, we will share interesting details about the Anjeer tree and bring a few tips on how to grow and care for the tree.
See also: Plum Tree: Types, Growth, Maintenance and Uses
Anjeer Tree: Facts
| Plant name | Anjeer Tree |
| Botanical Name | Ficus carica |
| Family | Moracea (Mulberry Family) |
| Common names | Anjeer /Fig |
| Origin | Middle East and Western Asia |
| Plant type | Flowering plant |
| Leaves | Smooth and shiny, three to five lobes |
| Flower | Yellowish to green copper flower |
| Height | Up to nine metres |
| Season | May-June, December-January |
| Flower bloom season | February-May |
| Potting suggestion | Can be potted in a 12-18-inch pot with drainage hole |
Anjeer Tree: Origins and significance
Anjeer tree originated in the Middle East and Western Asia. The tree is known for its unique symbolism across various cultures and religions.
- In ancient Egypt, the fig tree was associated with goddess Hathor and was considered a symbol of fertility and abundance.
- In Greek mythology, figs were regarded as a gift from Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. It was widely believed to improve fertility and bring prosperity. In Roman culture, the tree was associated with Bacchus, the Roman counterpart of Dionysus, signifying abundance, and worldly comforts.
- According to the Chinese culture, the fig tree represents longevity and a long prosperous life due to its deep roots and capacity to produce fruits for a long time. Hence, the tree has often been shown in traditional Chinese artworks. People believe that it would bring luck and blessings.
- According to Islamic traditions, the fig tree is referred to, in the Quran, as one of the blessed trees and is believed to grow in paradise.
- As per Hindu mythology, Lord Vishnu is widely depicted to be resting under a sacred fig tree, called Peepal tree in India, representing eternal life and spiritual enlightenment.
Anjeer Tree: Description
- It is a deciduous tree, which can attain a height of up to 10 to 30 ft (3 to 9 metre).
- The tree has a short and stout trunk with a greyish-brown bark that forms deep furrows when the tree matures. The branches form a wide, rounded crown.
- The leaves of the tree have a large, palmate-like appearance, which is about 5 to 10 inch (13 to 25 centimetre) long.
- The plant leaves have three to five lobes with irregular, toothed margins. Their upper surface is smooth and shiny, while the underside is lighter in colour and hairy.
- Anjeer tree is popular for its delectable fruit, known as figs, which are pear-shaped or spherical in appearance.
- The fruit contains a sweet flesh with tiny edible seeds. The fruits develop a rich, honey-like flap when ripe.
- The figs appear in colours ranging from green to purple or even black, depending on the plant variety.
Anjeer Tree: Growth habits
Anjeer tree adapts well to warm, temperate regions, and grows well in areas experiencing mild winters and long, hot summers. It can withstand a range of soil types, such as sandy, loamy and clay soils, with good drainage.
Anjeer tree produces two crops of figs per year, known as the breba crop and the main crop. The breba crop comprises figs that develop on the previous year’s growth and they usually appear in late spring, or early summer. The main crop is more abundant and grows on the present year’s growth, ripening during late summer, or early autumn.
The tree has an extensive root system, which helps it to draw water and nutrients from deep within the soil.
Types of Anjeer Tree
Different types of Anjeer trees are cultivated worldwide, which differ in their fruit colour, size, and flavour. One must consider the climate among several factors before choosing a variety to grow in your home garden.
- Black Mission: This tree is known to produce figs, which are deep purple to black in colour. The figs have a velvety texture and are known for their exceptional taste. The fruit is used fresh, or dried.
- Brown Turkey: This is one of the most popular types of fig tree, which produces medium to large-sized figs. The fruit has a brownish-purple skin. This variety can adapt to different climates.
- Calimyrna: The fig tree produces large-sized figs with a nutty and sweet flavour. The fruit has a greenish-yellow skin, which turns golden when ripe. This variety of figs is commonly used in baking and cooking.
- Kadota: Kadota fig tree produces medium to large-sized figs. The fruit has a smooth texture, pale greenish-yellow skin, and honey-like flavour. The figs of this variety are used for canning, drying and fresh consumption.
- Celeste: This variety of fig tree is also known as the Sugar fig, which yields small to medium-sized figs. The fruit has purplish-brown skin, reddish-pink flesh, and a honey-like flavour. They can be easily grown in containers.
- Adriatic: This type of fig tree yields medium to large-sized figs. The fruit has a pale green to pale yellow skin, a sweet flavour and light pink flesh. It is also used in salads and desserts.
- Brunswick: The Brunswick fig tree is a variety that yields medium to large-sized figs. The fruit has a greenish-yellow skin that develops a brownish tinge when ripe. The tree can withstand cooler climates.
Anjeer Tree: Care and Maintenance
Watering
Anjeer trees require regular watering in adequate amounts, especially during their growing season. Make sure to keep the soil moist. Avoid root rot due to overwatering. Watering must be done to allow the water to reach the tree’s roots. Modify the watering frequency based on the weather conditions and the tree’s water requirements.
Fertilisation
Anjeer tree requires the desired nutrients. Hence, fertilising must be done regularly. Choose a balanced, slow-release fertiliser and apply it during the spring and early summer, which will promote healthy growth. Further, consider using organic compost in the tree’s base, which will enhance soil fertility.
Pruning
Anjeer trees must be pruned to maintain their size and enhance fruit production. This can be done in the dormant season – around late winter, or early spring. Make sure to remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches. This will promote branching and improve air circulation and sunlight exposure for the tree.
Pest problems
Check for signs of pest attacks, or diseases such as leaf spot, root rot or powdery mildew affecting the tree. Fig trees are susceptible to common pests, such as aphids, scale insects and fig beetles. Infestations must be treated promptly with the help of organic insecticides or horticultural oils.
Winter care
Anjeer trees may need protection in the winter months. If the location has freezing temperatures, provide the tree with a protective cover to secure it against cold winds or extreme weather. Mulching around the tree’s base helps insulate the roots, preventing frost damage.
Harvesting
Harvest the fruit only when fully ripe. Figs get ripen in late summer, or early autumn. Make sure to gently twist or cut the figs from the tree without damaging branches or other fruits.
Anjeer Tree: Benefits
Health benefits
The figs produced by the tree are rich in fibre, vitamins, and minerals, along with nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Including them in the diet help in digestion, heart health and boosts the immune system.
Culinary uses
Anjeer fruits can be consumed fresh or used in various recipes. They are often included in salads, jams, baked goods, etc.
Landscape design
Anjeer trees can be grown in gardens. The tree has heart-shaped leaves and a unique trunk, bringing a visual appeal to outdoor spaces.
Environment conservation
Anjeer trees contribute towards reducing the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Moreover, they are considered natural air purifiers, as they filter pollutants and release oxygen, thus promoting clean air.
FAQs
Can Anjeer tree be grown in a home garden?
Anjeer trees can be grown in home gardens that receive ample sunlight and have well-drained soil.
How long does it take for an Anjeer tree to bear fruit?
It takes around two to three years for the Anjeer trees to start producing fruit, depending on factors such as the tree's age, variety, and growing conditions.
Is pruning required for an Anjeer tree?
Pruning is not mandatory, but it can be helpful in promoting the tree’s healthy growth and keeping the tree in shape.
Are Anjeer trees high maintenance?
Anjeer trees require minimum maintenance. Thus, they are ideal for home gardens.
Can we consume figs from Anjeer tree?
The figs produced by Anjeer trees are safe to consume.
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