Home inspection checklist: A complete guide for Indian home buyers

Buying a home is a significant milestone, especially in India, where property ownership is highly valued. Whether you’re a first-time buyer or an experienced investor, conducting a thorough home inspection before closing the deal is essential. A home inspection helps you understand the property’s condition and reveals issues that may not be visible during a quick walkthrough. This guide provides a comprehensive home inspection checklist, focusing on critical areas in Indian homes. From plumbing and electrical systems to structural integrity and pest control, this checklist will help you decide about your potential new home.

 

What is a home inspection?

A home inspection is a detailed evaluation of a property’s condition. In India, it typically involves inspecting key elements like plumbing, electrical systems, roofing, and the overall structure to ensure the home is safe and free from significant issues. This inspection often takes place before finalising the sale, allowing buyers to identify any necessary repairs or negotiate the purchase price based on the findings.

 

What to include in your home inspection checklist

A home inspection checklist is crucial for thoroughly assessing the property. Here are some of the most critical areas to inspect:

1. Leakages and plumbing issues

Water damage is a common problem in Indian homes, especially during monsoon seasons. When inspecting for plumbing issues, focus on the following:

• Water leaks: Check for visible signs of water leaks in bathrooms, kitchens, and other wet areas. Look under sinks, around toilets, and at the base of water storage tanks for any water stains or dampness. Be cautious of mould growth, which could indicate long-term water issues. 
• Water pressure: Test the water pressure in various taps and showers. Low water pressure can be a recurring problem in some areas of India, especially in upper-floor apartments. Weak pressure may also be a sign of blocked or damaged pipes. 
• Drainage: Examine the drainage in bathrooms, kitchens, and balconies. Ensure that water drains quickly without pooling, as poor drainage can lead to water accumulation and eventual structural damage. Also, check for proper slopes in floors designed to lead water to the drains. 
• Water storage tanks and pipes: Overhead tanks are standard in Indian homes, and they should be inspected for cracks, rust, or leaks. Pipes should be checked for rust, leakage, and adequate insulation, wildly when temperatures vary significantly.

 

2. Electrical faults

Electricity is essential in any home, but faulty wiring or inadequate electrical systems can lead to dangerous situations. Here’s what to look for:

• Wiring and circuit quality: Ensure the home has up-to-date wiring, as older systems can become fire hazards. Exposed or damaged wiring needs immediate attention, especially in kitchens and bathrooms where moisture levels are higher. 
• Switches, sockets, and outlets: Test all switches, sockets, and outlets to confirm they function correctly. Check for any buzzing noises or sparking, which can indicate electrical issues. You might find outdated plugs in older homes that may not support modern appliances. 
• Fuse box and circuit breaker: The home should have a well-maintained fuse box or a modern circuit breaker. Open the box to look for any signs of tampering or corrosion. Understanding the load capacity is also essential if you run multiple high-powered devices.

 

3. Woodwork

Woodwork in doors, windows, and cabinets often experiences wear and tear, particularly in Indian climates with high humidity and monsoon rains.

• Doors and windows: Inspect all wooden doors and windows for signs of rot, warping, or termite damage. In many older homes, wooden elements may be damaged due to prolonged exposure to moisture. Check for proper sealing, especially around windows, to prevent water intrusion during rains. 
• Cabinets and shelves: Look inside built-in cabinets and shelves, especially those near the floor or in damp areas like bathrooms and kitchens. Watch for signs of pests, warping, or mildew, which can indicate underlying issues with humidity or poor ventilation. 
• Furniture: If the home comes furnished, inspect the wooden furniture for quality and signs of pests. Termites can cause significant damage to wood over time, and early signs include tiny holes or wood dust around the base.

 

4. External area

The exterior of the home is just as important as the interior. Here’s what to focus on outside the building:

• Walls and structure: Examine the exterior walls for cracks, peeling paint, or visible signs of water damage. Major cracks can indicate foundation issues, while peeling paint may be due to prolonged exposure to moisture or poor paint quality. 
• Roof and terrace: If the home has a terrace or rooftop access, inspect these areas for cracks, standing water, or signs of wear. Water pooling on flat terraces is common and can lead to leaks in the floors below. Check for proper waterproofing and drainage on the terrace. 
• Balconies: Inspect balconies for rusted railings, loose tiles, or cracks. Balconies are often exposed to harsh weather, so signs of wear should not be ignored. Make sure railings are securely fastened and check for any damage that could be dangerous.

 

5. Safety and security

Safety is a top priority, so be sure to evaluate the following:

• Doors and locks: Ensure that all exterior doors have solid locks and are in good condition. The main entrance should have a sturdy door, ideally solid wood or metal, with a high-quality lock for security. 
• Windows and grills: Windows should be equipped with secure grills, mainly on lower floors where break-ins are more common. Grills should be firmly attached and free of rust or damage. Check that windows can be locked properly. 
• Fire safety: Inspect the home for smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, and emergency exits. Many Indian homes do not have these features, so you may need to install them for added safety.

 

Commonly overlooked areas that buyers should be aware of

During a home inspection, some areas are often missed but are essential to check:

• Ceilings: Look for stains or discolouration on the ceiling, indicating leaks from above. 
• Ventilation: Poor ventilation can lead to mould growth and make the home uncomfortable. Ensure there are enough windows for natural air circulation, especially in bathrooms and kitchens. 
• Pest infestations: Insect damage is typical in many parts of India, so check for any signs of termites, ants, or other pests, especially in wooden areas and storage spaces.

 

What are the benefits of a thorough inspection?

A comprehensive home inspection can reveal hidden problems that may take time to be apparent. This knowledge allows buyers to make informed decisions and negotiate the purchase price if significant repairs are required. Additionally, identifying potential safety hazards can protect you and your family from future issues. An inspection can also save money in the long run by catching problems early before they become expensive.

 

Significant checks done by home inspection services in India

The inspections are typically conducted just before the buyer takes possession or right after the property registration. A professional home inspection service comprehensively assesses the property’s condition, including several vital checks to identify potential issues.

Key inspection areas

1. Civil workmanship: This initial inspection focuses on the quality of construction and finishing. The inspector evaluates the overall structural integrity of the property, including the walls, ceilings, and flooring. They check for any visible cracks, misalignments, or inconsistencies that might indicate poor workmanship. This assessment is crucial, as structural issues can lead to significant problems. 
2. Full house inspection: A comprehensive evaluation of the entire property, covering structural integrity, systems functionality, and overall safety. This includes checks on the foundation, walls, roof, plumbing, and electrical systems. 
3. Plumbing audit: A thorough inspection ensures the home’s system functions correctly. Inspectors examine pipes for leaks, corrosion, and signs of water damage. They also assess the condition of fixtures, such as sinks and faucets, to ensure that they are working correctly. Water pressure is also measured to confirm that it meets standard requirements. Any issues found can lead to costly repairs if not addressed early on. 
4. Electrical audit: The property’s electrical system is another critical focus during the inspection. Inspectors check the wiring, outlets, and electrical panels to ensure everything is up to code and functioning safely. They look for outdated wiring, exposed connections, and other hazards that could pose a fire risk. Proper electrical checks are vital, as electrical faults can result in severe safety hazards for the inhabitants. 
5. Dampness checks using infrared (IR) cameras: Dampness is common in many Indian homes, often leading to mould growth and structural damage. Inspectors can use infrared cameras to identify moisture hidden within walls, ceilings, and floors. This technology allows for a non-invasive assessment, helping to pinpoint areas that may require further investigation or remediation. 
6. Measurement of carpet area: As mandated by the Real Estate Regulation and Development Act (RERA), measuring the carpet area is essential for home inspections in India. Inspectors verify the actual carpet area against what the builder has advertised. This step is crucial for ensuring that buyers receive what they paid for and that there are no discrepancies in the property’s dimensions. 
7. Windows and doors: Inspectors also assess the condition and functionality of windows and doors. They check for any drafts, damages, or issues with locking mechanisms. Properly functioning windows and doors are essential for energy efficiency and security. 
8. Interior checks: Inspectors evaluate the walls, floors, and ceilings inside the home for any visible signs of damage, such as cracks, stains, or peeling paint. They may also look for signs of previous repairs that may need to be done correctly. These checks help ensure the living space is comfortable and free from potential hazards. 
9. Pest and termite inspection: Pest infestations, particularly termites, can cause significant damage to wooden structures in a home. Inspectors look for signs of pest activity, including droppings, damaged wood, or nests. If pests are detected, further steps can be taken to address the issue before finalising the purchase. 
10. External areas: The external areas of the property, including the garden, driveway, and fencing, are also evaluated. Inspectors look for drainage issues, pavement cracks, and the overall condition of outdoor structures. Proper maintenance of these areas contributes to the property’s overall value and safety.

 

Critical services delivered by home inspection professionals	Details
Full house inspection	Comprehensive evaluation of structural integrity and systems functionality.
Inventory log	A detailed list of features and fixtures is included in the property.
Full house video	Visual walkthrough capturing the current condition of the property.
Painting interior	Assessment of interior paint condition and recommendations for touch-ups.
Plumbing check	Thorough inspection of plumbing systems for leaks and functionality.
Flooring	Evaluation of flooring condition and signs of damage or inadequate installation.
Inspection report	Detailed document summarising findings and recommendations for repairs.
Electrical check	Comprehensive assessment of electrical systems for safety and compliance.
Dampness report	Evaluation for dampness or water intrusion using specialised tools.
Exterior inspection	Assessment of the exterior condition, including walls, roofing, and windows.
Construction quality check	Evaluation of building code adherence and overall workmanship quality.
Sump inspection	Assessment of sump pump functionality and drainage systems.
Exterior electricals	Inspection of outdoor electrical systems for safety and functionality.
Painting exterior	Assessment of exterior paint condition and need for touch-ups or repainting.
Exterior plumbing check	Inspection of external plumbing systems for leaks and blockages.

 

Evaluating environmental resilience: Monsoon dampness and seismic safety

When purchasing a home in India, it’s crucial to assess the property’s resilience to environmental challenges, particularly monsoon-related dampness and seismic activity in earthquake-prone zones.

Monsoon-related dampness

India’s heavy monsoon rains can lead to significant home dampness issues, resulting in structural damage, mould growth, and health hazards. During a home inspection, it’s essential to check for:

• Wall and ceiling dampness: Look for stains, peeling paint, or mould, which may indicate water seepage.

• Floor moisture: Inspect for damp spots or warped flooring, suggesting underlying moisture problems.

• Ventilation: Ensure adequate airflow in areas like kitchens and bathrooms to prevent condensation dampness.

Addressing these issues may involve improving waterproofing measures, such as applying waterproof coatings to roofs and walls, ensuring proper drainage systems, and using antifungal paints to prevent mould growth.

Seismic safety in earthquake-prone zones

Approximately 59% of India’s land area is vulnerable to earthquakes, categorised into four seismic zones.

 

If the property is located in a high-risk area (Zones IV or V), evaluating its earthquake resilience is vital. Consider the following during the inspection:

• Structural design: Verify that the building adheres to the National Building Code’s seismic design standards, incorporating horizontal seismic bands at plinth and lintel levels to enhance stability.
  
  Construction materials: Ensure the use of ductile materials, such as reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and steel, which provide better earthquake resistance.

• Foundation type: Check if the foundation is suitable for the seismic zone, with isolated or raft foundations recommended for areas with high seismic activity.

Engaging a structural engineer to assess the building’s compliance with seismic safety standards can provide additional assurance.

Incorporating these evaluations into your home inspection process will help ensure the property is well-prepared to withstand monsoon challenges and seismic events, safeguarding your investment and personal safety.

 

What is considered a defect in a home inspection?

During a home inspection, various issues can be classified as defects, affecting the property’s value, safety, and overall livability. Understanding these defects is crucial for potential buyers to make informed decisions. Here are the primary categories of defects typically identified during a home inspection:

1. Structural defects: These are significant issues affecting the integrity of the home. They may include visible cracks in the foundation, walls, or ceilings, bowing or sagging structures, and misaligned doors and windows. Such defects can indicate underlying problems, such as settling or shifting of the foundation. 
2. Plumbing issues: Defects in plumbing systems can manifest as leaks, poor water pressure, or signs of water damage in walls, ceilings, or floors. This includes the condition of pipes, fixtures, and drainage systems. Plumbing defects can lead to severe problems, such as mould growth or extensive water damage, if not addressed promptly. 
3. Electrical system deficiencies: Electrical issues can pose significant safety hazards. Common defects include outdated wiring, improper grounding, inadequate circuit breakers, and exposed wires. These defects can lead to electrical failures or, in extreme cases, fires. 
4. Dampness and water intrusion: Effective seepage, whether from rain, plumbing leaks, or groundwater, can cause severe damage to a home. Indicators include mould growth, musty odours, and discolouration on walls and ceilings. Persistent dampness can compromise the property’s structural integrity and create health risks for its occupants. 
5. Insufficient space and layout: Defects can also involve the home’s usability. For example, a lack of space for furnishings or poorly designed layouts that impede the flow of movement can be considered defects. Buyers should ensure that the property’s dimensions meet their lifestyle needs. 
6. Missing or inadequate amenities: Homes should have essential amenities, such as functional heating and cooling systems, adequate ventilation, and appropriate kitchen and bathroom fixtures. The absence of these features can be classified as defects, significantly if they impact the comfort and functionality of the living space. 
7. Exterior and roofing issues: Defects in the property’s exterior, including the roof, gutters, and siding, can lead to significant problems over time. Issues such as damaged shingles, rusted gutters, and deteriorating siding can expose the home to water damage and pest infestations. 
8. Pest infestations: Signs of pest damage, such as termite trails or rodent droppings, are significant defects. These infestations can cause substantial harm to the home’s structure and may require expensive treatments to eradicate.

 

What can buyers see in a home inspection report?

After the inspection, the home inspection service provides a detailed report summarising their findings. This report typically includes:

• General pictures: Photographs of various areas of the property to visually document its condition, making it easier for buyers to identify issues and understand the report’s context. 
• Water quality test: An assessment of the water quality, checking for contaminants, and ensuring that the water supply is safe for consumption. 
• Flooring checks: This includes evaluating the flooring for shade variation, hollow-sounding spots, gaps, and overall integrity. Any irregularities can indicate underlying issues that may need to be addressed. 
• Dampness report: A detailed examination of walls and ceilings for dampness, moisture levels, and potential water damage. This report may utilise infrared cameras to detect hidden moisture. 
• Ceilings report: An assessment of the ceilings for cracks, stains, or sagging that may suggest structural issues or water leaks. 
• Painting requirements: Evaluation of the condition of the paintwork, including peeling, chipping, or discolouration, which may indicate a need for repainting or repair. 
• Situation of locks and handles: Inspection of all locks and handles on doors and windows to ensure they function correctly and provide adequate security. 
• Windows conditions: Thoroughly check all windows for functionality, drafts, seals, and potential damage. This assessment ensures proper insulation and security. 
• Electricals assessment: A detailed inspection of the electrical systems, including switchboards, sockets, and any visible damages. This part of the report identifies potential hazards and the overall safety of the electrical installation. 
• Recommendations for repairs: Suggestions for addressing any identified problems, including hiring specialists for specific issues, such as plumbing or electrical work.

 

When should the inspection take place in the buying process?

The ideal time for a home inspection is after making an initial offer but before signing any final purchase agreement. This timing allows buyers to include any necessary repairs in their purchase negotiations or request a reduction in price to cover the cost of repairs. Many buyers in India opt for an inspection after receiving a favourable loan sanction, which provides additional leverage in the negotiation process.

 

Post-inspection actions for buyers

After receiving the home inspection report, buyers should thoroughly review the findings to understand the property’s condition. It’s advisable to discuss the report with your real estate agent to identify critical issues and determine appropriate next steps. Common actions include negotiating with the seller to address necessary repairs, requesting a repair credit, or adjusting the purchase price to account for the cost of repairs. Prioritizing significant safety concerns and structural defects during negotiations is essential. Additionally, obtaining estimates from qualified contractors can provide a clearer understanding of potential repair costs, aiding in informed decision-making and effective negotiation.

 

How do you find a qualified, certified home inspection service?

In India, several professional home inspection companies offer reliable services. Look for certified inspectors with a track record of thorough and detailed evaluations. Reading online reviews and requesting recommendations from friends or family can also help you find a trustworthy service. Qualified inspectors should have experience in various construction, plumbing, and electrical systems specific to Indian homes.

 

Can buyers be present during the inspection, and is it recommended?

Yes, buyers can and should be present during the inspection. Being on-site allows you to ask questions, gain insights from the inspector, and better understand any potential issues with the property. Your presence also helps ensure thorough inspection, as you can address specific concerns. Additionally, seeing the problems firsthand enables you to make informed decisions and negotiate effectively.

 

How much does a home inspection typically cost in India?

The cost of a home inspection in India varies based on the property’s size, location, and the inspection company’s expertise. Generally, it ranges between Rs 10,000 and Rs 20,000. The cost may be higher for more significant properties, but a thorough inspection is worth the expense. The price is relatively low compared to the potential savings and peace of mind it provides.

 

Is a home inspection worth the cost, and how can it save money in the long run?

A home inspection is a small investment that can save significant money over time. By identifying issues early, you can avoid costly repairs in the future. For example, detecting a minor plumbing leak before it becomes a significant problem can prevent water damage and structural issues. 

Similarly, uncovering electrical faults early on reduces the risk of fire hazards and can save on future repairs. Home inspection costs are minimal compared to the potential expenses of overlooked issues.

Difference between home inspection and home appraisal

A home inspection is a thorough examination of a property’s condition, typically conducted by a professional inspector. This process assesses the home’s structural integrity, safety, and overall functionality. Inspectors look for issues like plumbing, electrical systems, roofing, and other critical elements, providing a detailed report that helps buyers make informed decisions regarding repairs or negotiations.

On the other hand, a home appraisal is an assessment of a property’s market value, performed by a licensed appraiser. This evaluation is crucial for lenders, as it determines whether the loan amount aligns with the property’s worth. Appraisers consider various factors, including recent sales of comparable homes, the property’s location, and its condition. The appraisal ensures that the buyer isn’t overpaying and protects the lender’s investment.

 

Questions you should be asking as a buyer

During the inspection, ask specific questions to ensure all critical areas are covered. Here are some key questions to consider:

Structural and foundation

• Are there any visible cracks or signs of foundation issues? 
• Is the home structurally sound, or are there signs of deterioration?

Electrical systems

• Are all electrical systems up to code, and is there any outdated wiring? 
• Do the circuit breakers and fuse boxes function properly?

Plumbing

• Are there any leaks, water damage, or signs of mould? 
• Is the water pressure adequate, and are all plumbing systems functioning well?

Roofing and terrace

• Are there any visible issues with the roof, like cracks or leaks? 
• Does the terrace have proper waterproofing and drainage?

Ventilation and airflow

• Are there enough windows and exhaust systems to ensure proper ventilation? 
• Are fans and air conditioning units functioning effectively?

 

Housing.com POV

A home inspection is a critical step in home-buying, especially in India, where the climate, construction practices, and local regulations can impact a property’s condition. Buyers can make informed decisions, avoid pitfalls, and negotiate better deals by conducting a thorough inspection. Whether buying a new apartment in a high-rise or a traditional bungalow, a well-executed inspection can ensure your investment is safe and sound. Inspecting your potential new home thoroughly is one of the best ways to protect your financial investment and ensure your family’s safety and comfort in the coming years.

 

FAQs

What issues can a home inspection uncover that I might overlook during a walkthrough?

A home inspection can reveal problems such as plumbing leaks, electrical wiring issues, dampness, pest infestations, and structural defects that may not be immediately visible during a casual visit.

How can I ensure that the home inspection service I choose is reliable and experienced?

Look for home inspection companies with good reviews, certifications, and experienced inspectors. Request references and check their credentials to ensure they adhere to industry standards.

What should I do if the home inspection report identifies significant issues?

Review the report carefully, and consider seeking professional advice to understand the severity of the issues. Based on the findings, you may then negotiate repairs or a price reduction with the seller.

How long does a typical home inspection take, and when should it be scheduled?

A standard home inspection can take 2 to 4 hours, depending on the property size. It's best to schedule it just before closing or possession to ensure you have adequate time to address any issues found.

Are there any additional costs associated with a home inspection beyond the service fee?

Depending on the findings, if issues are discovered, you may incur additional costs for further evaluations, such as pest control or specialist inspections for electrical or plumbing systems.

Can a home inspection affect my home loan or mortgage approval?

While a home inspection doesn't directly impact loan approval, significant issues uncovered may lead lenders to reconsider the property's value, which could affect financing options or terms.

Is a home inspection necessary for newly constructed homes?

Even newly constructed homes can have issues due to construction errors or oversight. A home inspection can help identify potential problems before you take possession.

What do they do in a home inspection?

A home inspection thoroughly evaluates a property's condition before finalising a purchase. It identifies potential issues, ensures buyers are aware of hidden problems, and helps protect them from unexpected costs.