The sandalwood tree or Chandan is an incredibly valuable species native to India. Sandalwood is notable for being cited as one of the costliest woods in the world. The genus is dispersed across Southeast Asia, Australia, and South Pacific island groups. Although there are more than 100 species of sandalwood plants, the majority of them are indigenous to Australia, Hawaii, or India. Chandan tree farming is primarily carried out in South India.
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Chandan tree: Key facts
| Another name | Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) |
| Native | India, Southeast Asia |
| Height | Slow-growing; 5–10m |
| Soil | Well-drained clayey to sandy loam; tolerates mild salinity |
| Sunlight | Full sun, tolerant of part shade |
Chandan tree: Physical Description
In ideal circumstances, a real sandalwood tree can reach a height of about 10 metres (33 feet), has leathery leaves that are arranged in pairs on the branch, and is parasitic on the roots of other tree species to some extent. The flowers of the tree are small and white, while the leaves are narrow and pointed. The fruit is a small, hard drupe that is green when ripe. Sandalwood trees are slow growing; it may take them up to 60 years to reach maturity.
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Chandan tree: How to grow?
After your seeds have borne fruit and been transplanted, choose a suitable location to plant your sandalwood. Once your trees are planted, take the necessary care of them to maintain their health.
Sandalwood can grow in a range of soil types, including rocky hard ground, clay-rich black soil, sandy soil, and soils that are red clay-rich. It can also tolerate gravelly soil. A seedling matures and starts to generate seeds in roughly five to six years. Place the sapling in full light and give it regular water. Every two to three weeks, fertilise the soil using fertilisers high in phosphate and nitrogen. Trim the tree and get rid of any diseased or dead branches and leaves. Keep an eye out for pests and diseases on the tree, and treat them as necessary. Use a strong trellis to provide support. After the tree is established, little upkeep will be required.
Chandan tree: How to maintain?
Sandalwood trees require full sun and well-drained soil to thrive. Water regularly, keeping the soil somewhat moist but not soggy. Prune to keep the tree healthy, removing any dead, diseased or damaged branches. If the soil is allowed to dry out, feed it with a balanced fertiliser to promote strong growth. In the warmer months, sandalwood trees can be susceptible to pests, so keep an eye out for any insects or diseases. Protect the tree from extreme cold, as young trees may suffer damage or die.
Chandan tree: Uses
- The oil from the sandalwood tree has long been used in traditional medicine as an astringent, antibacterial, and to cure stomach problems, fever, stress, and headaches.
- The valuable oil made from the tree’s heartwood is used for aromatherapy, cosmetics, incense and perfumes, and is highly sought after for its soothing, calming scent.
- The essential oil has also been used for centuries in traditional religious ceremonies, and rituals, to decorate the icons of the deities, and calm the mind during meditation and prayer.
- Moreover, the oil is used to impart flavour to a variety of foods, including gelatin, ice cream, baked goods, puddings, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages.
- The tree has a distinctive, sweet scent, and its wood is used for carving sculptures and furniture making.
- Since the beginning of time, sandalwood trees have been raised for their yellowish heartwood, which is used extensively in numerous religious rites and burial ceremonies.
- Leaves of this tree can be used as animal fodder. Moreover, like Malabar neem leaves, they can also be utilised as an organic fertiliser.
- The tree is also a source of income for locals as the timber, essential oil and its derivatives are traded globally.
Chandan tree: Toxicity
Although the tree itself is not toxic, certain research has identified the possibly harmful effects of sandalwood oil. When consumed orally with food, sandalwood is probably harmless. But, using it orally as a medicine for more than six weeks may be dangerous. Long-term use has been linked to claims of renal damage.
FAQs
How quickly do sandalwood trees grow?
Sandalwood trees usually grow slowly, averaging 1 to 2 feet in height per year. However, during the early years of growth, the tree can grow rapidly and more than double its height each year.
How long do sandalwood trees live?
Sandalwood trees can live up to 80 years or even longer when grown in optimal conditions.
How often should sandalwood trees be watered?
Sandalwood trees should be watered once every two weeks or when the soil is dry, approximately 1-2 inches deep. Deep watering is essential to ensure the tree’s health and growth.