Hazelnuts, often known as filberts, are commonly sourced from the European hazelnut. They are prized for their aesthetic appeal in addition to yielding tasty nuts. With a suckering growth habit, the somewhat fast-growing plant develops into a small tree or shrub with several branches. The same plant produces subtle female flowers at different periods and male flowers in the form of catkins in late winter or early spring, before the leaves appear. Two distinct kinds of European hazelnuts are required for pollination to occur.
There are hazelnut trees in many parts of the world. Their rich foliage and abundant nuts decorate landscapes as they flourish in North America, Europe, and Asia. Hazelnuts have always had a great cultural significance. These nuts represented inspiration and intelligence in Celtic mythology, and they were frequently associated with heavenly knowledge in Greek mythology. Hazelnuts were highly valued by Native Americans for their nutritious content, and they were used in both their diets and therapeutic procedures. Hazelnut trees are not only botanical marvels but also cultural legacy carriers because of these cultural resonances that persist to this day.
Hazelnut tree: Key facts
| Botanical name | Corylus |
| Common name | Hazelnut tree |
| Family | Betulaceae |
| Native areas | Europe, Asia, and North America. |
| Plant type | Deciduous tree |
| Mature size | 15-20 feet and 10-15 feet wide |
| Sun exposure | Full sun to partial shade. |
| Soil type | Well-drained, loamy soil |
| Bloom time | Late winter to early spring |
| Leaves type | oval-shaped |
| Edible part | Nuts |
| Flower colour | The catkins of hazelnut trees are yellowish-green in colour. |
| Toxic | No |
Hazelnut tree: How to grow?
- Select the right variety: Pick a variety of hazelnut tree that is appropriate for your climate.
- Site selection: Plant in full sun exposure and well-drained soil.
- Prepare the soil: Make sure the soil is both rich and somewhat acidic.
- Planting: In late winter or early spring, plant hazelnut seedlings.
- Spacing: Make sure there is enough room between trees.
- Watering: Maintain a constant moisture content in the soil, particularly in the early years.
- Mulching: Spread mulch to keep moisture in and keep weeds under control.
- Fertilising: Apply a springtime fertiliser that is balanced.
- Pruning: To form the tree and get rid of weak or dead branches, prune in late winter.
- Pollination: To ensure cross-pollination, plant a minimum of two trees.
- Protection: Keep pests and wildlife away from young trees.
See also: How to grow and care for peanut plant?
Hazelnut Tree: How to care?
Light
If producing flowers and nuts is your goal, planting a hazel in a spot that gets full sun for the majority of the day will offer the greatest results. It can also withstand partial shade, though bloom production will be reduced.
Soil
Although hazel trees can withstand a lot, it is advisable to stay away from rocky, clay, or closely packed soils. Its preferred growing conditions would be sandy loams with good drainage.
Water
It’s crucial to water your hazel tree regularly to guarantee abundant blossom and nut output. If you hope to have fruit during dry spells, it will not withstand drought and will require additional watering to stay a productive producer. After planting, water it weekly. Even in the driest of weather, you may maintain your hazel green and blooming by using this approach.
Temperature and humidity
Hazelnut trees are tough and flexible, also they need a certain combination of humidity and temperature to flourish. In general, moderate temperatures with mild summers and cool winters are preferred by these trees. They do best in hardiness zones four through nine, where they can tolerate a range of low temperatures. In order to promote healthy fruiting, hazelnut trees also require winter frost.
Fertiliser
Apply an autumnal treatment of organic slow-release fertiliser for fruit trees to encourage optimal flowering and fruit production. As directed on the product label regarding the appropriate amount to use.
Pollination
You need at least two different types of Corylus Avellana to ensure cross-pollination if you wish to grow European hazelnuts for their nuts. While there are numerous kinds, some well-known ones are “Jefferson,” “McDonald,” “PollyO,” “Wepster,” and “Yamhill.” The best types to pollinate each other are typically included in nursery catalogues.
See also: How to grow and care for Cuphea?
Hazelnut tree: Harvesting
Over a few weeks, ripe nuts fall on their own. Either regularly gather the nuts before wildlife devours them, or gently shake the hazelnut shrub by placing a tarp or old sheet underneath it to release the nuts.
Hazelnut tree: Propagating
Usually grafted or stacked, hazelnut trees are best left to nursery experts. It is not advisable to raise them from seed because they are propagated by vegetative means.
Hazelnut tree: Toxicity
Hazelnuts provide several health advantages and are generally safe to eat. Some people, however, can be allergic to them and have swelling or itching as a result. Moreover, if ingested in excess, the trace amounts of tannins in raw hazelnuts may induce an upset stomach. Hazelnut roasting can assist in reducing this. If one has a history of nut allergies, proceed with caution at all times. If one encounters negative side effects, get medical advice.
FAQs
What is the best time to plant hazelnut trees?
Plant hazelnut trees in late winter or early spring when the tree is dormant, preferably before the growing season starts.
How much space should we leave between hazelnut trees?
Space trees at least 15 to 20 feet apart to allow for proper growth and airflow.
Do hazelnut trees require special soil conditions?
Yes, hazelnut trees prefer well-drained soil that is slightly acidic. Ensure good soil fertility for optimal growth.
How often should one water hazelnut trees?
Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry spells. However, avoid waterlogged conditions.
Is it necessary to mulch around hazelnut trees?
Yes, mulching helps retain moisture, control weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base.
When and how to fertilise hazelnut trees?
Apply a balanced fertiliser in the spring before new growth begins. Follow recommended dosage instructions.
How to prune hazelnut trees?
Prune hazelnut trees in late winter to remove dead or weak branches and shape the tree for better sunlight penetration.
Do hazelnut trees require cross-pollination?
Yes, it's advisable to plant at least two hazelnut trees for cross-pollination and improved nut production.
What pests and diseases should one watch out for?
Monitor for pests like aphids and diseases like eastern filbert blight. Use appropriate treatments if needed.
How long does it take for hazelnut trees to bear fruit?
Hazelnut trees typically start bearing fruit three to five years after planting. Patience is key for a bountiful harvest.
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