Ashlar is a historical architectural style that is characterised by the placement of stones in mortar at precise angles to each other, instead of using bricks. This style has had considerable grasp over architecture worldwide. From Greek and Roman marvels to our very own Taj Mahal, this style can be found time and again on the pages of history. Read on to find out more about this exquisite architectural style.
Features of ashlar architecture
Ashlar architecture is known for its unique features that gives it its strikingly beautiful appearance. Let’s have a look at these features:
Uniformity of stones
The primary feature of ashlar architecture is the uniformity in the sizes and shapes of the stones used. These stones are cut in a way that they fit in tightly with each other in the structure in a way that results in a smooth and symmetrical appearance.
Neat joints
In ashlar architecture, the space between stones is kept at a minimum. These joints are filled with the least amount of mortar required to bind the structure together without compromising on its strength. This provides a neat touch to the structure.
Surface finishes
Ashlar architecture includes all kinds of textures and styles. The stones can sport any kind of finish, ranging from smooth to rough. The style of finish provides a distinctive style and adds to the visual appeal of the structure.
Architectural detailing
Intricate detailing and fine craftsmanship is the USP of ashlar architecture. Decorative carvings and ornamental designs made with meticulous precision are very common in ashlar structures.
Structural stability
Despite minimal use of mortar to bind the stones, the style of placing them at precise interlocking angles specific to ashlar architecture provides the structure with enough strength and stability.
Types of ashlar architecture
Depending on the style of cutting the stones and placing them, ashlar architecture can be further divided into several styles. Here are the most commonly found types of ashlar architecture:
Coursed ashlar
Coursed ashlar is the style wherein the stones of equal dimensions are laid in horizontal courses in a uniform manner. This gives the structure a touch on consistent organisation and regularity.
Random ashlar
Unlike coursed ashlar, random ashlar makes use of stones of irregular shapes and sizes. Despite being precisely cut, they are not arranged in a consistent manner. This style is used to add a rustic and more realistic look to the structure.
Squared ashlar
In this technique, the stones are cut in straight lines and edges to form uniform joints. This style is more common in contemporary architecture due to its sleek and minimalist outcome.
Rusticated ashlar
Rusticated ashlar involves using stones of different textures placed adjacent to each other. They are placed in alternating bands featuring stones with rough and smooth textures respectively. This is a great way to make parts of the structure such as cornerstones stand out from the rest of it.
Polygonal ashlar
As the name suggests, this architectural style involves cutting the stones into shapes with more than four straight edges. They are common in historical structures where they are placed tightly together in visually appealing patterns.
Snecked ashlar
Snecked ashlar plays with the size of the stones being used. While large stones are used for the key structure, smaller stones are used to fill in the gaps and for ornamental purposes.
Famous buildings built using ashlar architecture
Ashlar architecture has been used all over the world through the ages. Here are some examples of the historical magnificence of this architectural style:
| Structure | Located in | Ashlar style |
| Taj Mahal | Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India | Squared |
| Brihadeshwara Temple | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India | Coursed |
| Parthenon | Athens, Greece | Coursed |
| Duomo di Siena | Siena, Italy | Rusticated |
| Edinburgh Castle | Edinburgh, Scotland | Snecked |
| Alhambra | Granada, Spain | Polygonal |
| Mont Saint-Michel | Normandy, France | Random |
See also: Places To Visit In Tamil Nadu: 9 Famous Historical Monuments
Modern day significance
Despite ashlar being a historical style, it has not lost its relevance to contemporary architecture due to its precision, strength and versatility. The sleekness of modern architecture can be easily paired with the timeless elegance of ashlar. Squared ashlar is a popular style for a minimalist appeal as it involves the use of clean and precise joints for a sophisticated look.
When it comes to material usage, the stones in ashlar can be conveniently used in contrast with glass or metal for a strikingly aesthetic appearance. The uniqueness of ashlar is a much-valued quality in contemporary architecture that is constantly bridging the gap between innovation and heritage.
FAQs
What materials does ashlar architecture use?
Ashlar architecture involves usage of stone bound together at specific angles using minimal mortar.
What are the exclusive features of ashlar architecture?
The usage of stones interlocked at precise angles, minimal mortar use, neat joints and intricate detailing are the key features of ashlar.
What are the styles of ashlar architecture?
The main styles of ashlar include coursed, random, squared, rusticated, polygonal and snecked ashlar.
What are some examples of ashlar architecture from India?
Taj Mahal in Agra and Brihadeshwara Temple in Thanjavur are classic examples of ashlar architecture in India.
Has ashlar architecture been used abroad?
Parthenon in Greece, Duomo di Siena in Italy and Edinburgh Castle in Scotland are some of the international historical wonders built using ashlar technique.
Which ashlar style is most common in the present day?
Squared ashlar is commonly used along with contemporary architecture for an elegant look.
Can ashlar provide adequate stability to the structure?
Despite using minimal mortar, ashlar can retain the structural integrity of the building due to its precise and careful interlocking of stones at the joints.
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