Chamomile, scientifically known as Matricaria chamomilla L., holds a distinguished status among medicinal plant species within the Asteraceae family, earning the title of the ‘star among medicinal species’. It has been a highly and frequently utilised medicinal plant in folk and traditional medicine. Its versatility extends across multiple therapeutic, cosmetic and nutritional domains, a reputation solidified through years of conventional wisdom and strict scientific exploration.
Within the chamomile group are two general varieties: German and Roman chamomile, which look like daisy-like flowers, attached by white petals encircling a vibrant yellow centre.
See also: How to grow Snowball flowers?
Chamomile plant: Key facts
| Botanical name | Chamaemelum nobile, Matricaria recutita |
| Common name | Chamomile |
| Family | Asteraceae |
| Native area | Europe |
| Plant size | 8–24 in. tall, 8–12 in. wide |
| Sun exposure | Full exposure |
| Soil type | Well-drained |
| Soil pH | Neutral |
| Flower colour | White |
| Toxic | Non-Toxic |
How to grow the chamomile plant?
- Collect chamomile plant seeds from a reputable retailer, ensuring they are high quality.
- Exercise patience until the threat of the last spring frost has passed before growing chamomile in the garden. This versatile herb blossoms in raised beds, containers and traditional in-ground gardens.
- Strategically position chamomile plants, maintaining an optimal eight-inch spacing in areas blessed with full sunlight for the most prolific flowering. In regions with warmer climates, consider providing partial afternoon shade for these delicate plants.
- Enhance the soil by blending in nutrient-rich compost or any other suitable organic matter during the planting process.
- Upon initial planting, promptly water the chamomile, then sustain a weekly watering regimen, delivering approximately one inch of water per week until the plants establish robust roots.
- Strengthen the soil with a continuous-release fertiliser during planting and adhere to subsequent applications as recommended throughout the growing season.
- Implement a layer of mulch, using materials such as chopped leaves or straw, covering the plants to strengthen soil moisture retention.
- Safeguard the chamomile’s structural integrity by introducing support mechanisms, such as bamboo sticks adorned with twine, especially if the herb shows a tendency to become top-heavy and prone to flopping.
- Undertake the harvesting of chamomile flowers post-bloom, deploying pruning shears at the juncture when the petals exhibit a distinctive backward bend.
- Upon harvesting, diversify your utilisation of chamomile by employing it either in its freshly picked state or after a meticulous drying process. Facilitate the drying of flowers and leaves on a screened surface, deliberately avoiding direct exposure to sunlight.
- Conclude the cultivation cycle by storing the meticulously dried chamomile in an airtight receptacle safely nestled in a dim, arid space such as a pantry, ensuring prolonged preservation of its essence.
Chamomile plant: How do you care for it?
Light: Roman and German chamomile grow in both full sunlight and partial shade. While these plants display their best blossoms in full sun, it is wise, particularly in hot climates, to offer some rest in partial shade, especially during the scorching afternoon hours. This safeguards the delicate flowers from potential sunburn. While more sunlight generally accelerates growth, it is important to note that chamomile is inherently swift in its growth.
Soil: Optimal flowering for both chamomile varieties is achieved when grown in nutrient-rich, organic soil. Although they can take less fertile mixtures, this often results in more flexible stems. Chamomile is not particular about soil pH and leans towards a neutral range, ideally between 5.6 and 7.5.
Water: Ensure young chamomile plants receive approximately an inch of water weekly. As these plants mature and establish themselves, they strengthen in drought conditions. It is advisable to let the soil dry out between moderate watering sessions. Yet, in exceedingly hot climates, a touch more moisture is appreciated by chamomile.
Temperature and humidity: Chamomile thrives in any summer weather below 40° Celsius. It particularly favours a mild temperature spectrum ranging from 15 to 24 degrees Celsius. Due to its ability to withstand drought, it could be better suited for excessively humid environments.
Fertiliser: Notably, chamomile is a self-sufficient grower and does not require additional fertilisation; it demonstrates robust growth without specific feeding requirements.
Chamomile plant: Types
There are about 25 species of this plant, among them are as follows:
German chamomile: It is scientifically known as Matricaria recutita and is an annual plant that graces us with its daisy-shaped white flowers throughout summer. Standing at a modest height of 2 foot, this particular chamomile variation is renowned for its cultivation primarily for tea production. It offers a delightful taste mix of sweetness and straw and subtle herbal and grassy undertones.
Roman chamomile: Roman Chamomile, or Chamaemelum nobile, manifests as a potentially evergreen groundcover, presenting a height ranging from 3 to 6 inches, with a spreading capability extending up to 12 inch. Each delicate stem of this chamomile variety bears a single, daisy-like flower, reaching an impressive diameter of one inch.
Chamomile plant: Common problems when growing
Many insects tend to avoid chamomile, finding it unappealing. Chamomile serves a valuable purpose as a deterrent for cucumber pests. Nevertheless, occasional challenges arise, particularly with aphids and thrips. These tiny pests may pose issues, but they can be effectively addressed by washing them off the plant or employing insecticidal soap for treatment.
Chamomile plant: Toxicity
Chamomile, commonly found in teas, is generally considered safe in moderate amounts. When taken orally for short-term medicinal purposes, it is likely safe. However, the safety of long-term use on the skin for therapeutic reasons is uncertain. Adverse effects are infrequent but may include nausea, dizziness and allergic reactions. In rare instances, individuals who consumed or had contact with chamomile products experienced anaphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction.
FAQs
What is the traditional Indian name for chamomile?
In India, chamomile is referred to as Babuna in Hindi.
Where does chamomile thrive best?
Chamomile flourishes in raised beds, containers and in-ground gardens. For optimal flowering, plant chamomile eight inch apart in full sun. In hotter climates, partial afternoon shade proves ideal. Enhance the soil with compost or organic matter during planting.
Is chamomile known for its fragrance?
A robust perennial chamomile boasts feathery, fragrant leaves and white, daisy-like flowers. Its appeal extends to bees and various pollinators. The plant is both easy to cultivate and cost-effective.
What is the Ayurvedic term for chamomile?
In Ayurveda, chamomile goes by the Sanskrit names karpurapuspa and Baboona or Babuna in Hindi. The herb and its essential oil find applications in Ayurvedic practices.
How manageable is the cultivation of chamomile?
Both standard and German chamomile are quickly grown from seed, indoors or outdoors. However, named varieties of common chamomile are exclusively available as young plants. These plants thrive in ample sunlight, well-draining and light soil. Maintaining soil moisture is crucial without letting it dry out completely or become waterlogged.
Which health conditions can chamomile address?
Chamomile, frequently used to alleviate common issues such as upset stomachs and insomnia, shows potential benefits supported by limited research. While evidence indicates effectiveness in blood sugar control and skin healing, more extensive research is needed.
What contributes to the higher cost of chamomile?
German Chamomile, an annual herb with daisy-like flowers, yields essential oil from the flower heads through steam distillation. The increased cost is attributed to the expenses associated with cultivation and harvesting, making it pricier than Roman Chamomile.
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