How to grow Oregano at home?

Oregano’s allure lies in its rich history, culinary versatility and medicinal properties. Its origins can be traced back to ancient Greece, where it was revered for its flavour and believed to possess numerous healing powers. Today, oregano remains a cornerstone of Mediterranean cuisine, adding depth and complexity to sauces, pizzas, marinades and countless other dishes. Its versatility extends beyond Mediterranean fare, as it enhances the flavours of soups, stews, roasted vegetables and grilled meats.

Whether you are a seasoned gardener or a novice plant enthusiast, cultivating oregano is a rewarding endeavour that will enhance your culinary creations and support your well-being.

See also: How to grow a Soybean tree?

 

Key Facts about Oregano

Botanical name	Origanum vulgare L.
Common name(s)	Oregano, wild marjoram, pot marjoram, winter savoury
Family	Lamiaceae (mint family)
Genus/Species	Origanum/Origanum vulgare
Habitat	Native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia; naturalised in parts of Mexico and the United States
Plant type	Perennial herb
Height	20–80 cm (8–32 inches) tall
Sun exposure	Full sun to partial shade
Toxic	Non-toxic
Traditional Uses	Culinary and medicinal

 

Oregano: Botanical classification

Oregano, also known as wild marjoram, pot marjoram and winter savoury, is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Scientifically named Origanum vulgare L., it is characterised by its aromatic, oval to oblong leaves, small tubular flowers in shades of purple, pink or white and small, dry nutlets as fruits. Oregano typically grows to a height between 20 and 80 centimetre (8 to 32 inch) and exhibits a spreading or clumping growth habit. Its leaves, ranging from one to four cm in length, are entire or slightly toothed and display a green to grey-green colouration.

 

Oregano plant varieties

The genus Origanum encompasses a variety of species, each with its unique flavour profile and aroma. The most common and widely used variety is Origanum vulgare, also known as true oregano or common oregano. It is known for its strong, pungent flavour and is the type most commonly found in grocery stores.

Other notable varieties include:

• Greek oregano: Renowned for its intense, citrusy flavour, Greek oregano is a staple in Greek cuisine.
• Mexican oregano: Characterised by its mild, slightly sweet flavour, Mexican oregano is commonly used in Mexican dishes.
• Italian oregano: Known for its delicate, balanced flavour, Italian oregano is a favourite in Italian cuisine.

 

Oregano medicinal properties

Oregano’s culinary appeal is matched by its medicinal properties. For centuries, it has been used as a natural remedy for various ailments. Its antibacterial and antioxidant properties make it effective in treating respiratory infections, digestive issues and skin irritations. Oregano’s anti-inflammatory properties also contribute to its potential role in pain relief and reducing inflammation.

 

Oregano cultivation

With proper care, oregano can thrive both indoors and outdoors, providing a fresh supply of this flavourful and versatile herb for culinary and medicinal purposes.

Choosing ideal growing conditions

Oregano prefers a sunny location with well-drained soil. It withstands a wide range of soil types, but it thrives in slightly alkaline soil with a pH between 6.5 and 7.0. Avoid planting oregano in heavy, clay soils that retain too much moisture, as this can lead to root rot.

Planting Oregano seeds or transplants

Oregano can be grown from seeds or transplants. For indoor cultivation, start seeds in a seed tray filled with a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist but not soggy until the seeds germinate. Once the seedlings have developed a few true leaves, transplant them into individual pots.

For outdoor planting, choose a sunny location with well-drained soil. Modify the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility. Dig holes approximately 12 inch apart and plant the oregano seedlings or transplants at the same depth they were growing in their containers.

Watering and mulching

Oregano is a drought-tolerant herb, but it requires regular watering to maintain healthy growth. Water the plants deeply but infrequently. This will allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Avoid excess watering, as this can lead to root rot.

Mulching around oregano plants helps conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Use a layer of organic mulch, such as shredded leaves or bark chips, around the base of the plants.

Fertilising

Oregano is not a heavy feeder, but it benefits from an occasional boost of nutrients. Apply a balanced fertiliser, such as a 10-10-10 formula, every few months during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilising, as this can lead to leggy growth and reduce the flavour of the leaves.

Pruning

Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and prevents oregano plants from becoming leggy. Pinch off the tips of the stems throughout the growing season to promote new growth. Prune more heavily in the fall before winter dormancy to maintain a compact shape.

 

Nurture

As your oregano plants flourish under your care, it is essential to provide them with ongoing nourishment and protection to ensure their continued health and vitality. 

Fertilisation for optimal growth and flavour

While oregano is not a heavy feeder, it does benefit from occasional fertilisation to replenish essential nutrients and support healthy growth. A balanced fertiliser, such as a 10-10-10 formula, applied every few months during the growing season, will provide the necessary nutrients without overstimulating the plants. Avoid over-fertilising, as this can lead to leggy growth and diminish the flavour of the leaves. 

Pruning to promote bushy growth and prevent flowering

Regular pruning is crucial for maintaining a bushy, compact shape and preventing oregano plants from becoming leggy. Pinching off the tips of the stems throughout the growing season encourages new growth and keeps the plants from getting too tall and straggly. In the fall, before winter dormancy, prune more heavily to maintain a compact shape and prepare the plants for the cooler months.

Protecting your Oregano plants from pests and diseases

Despite its resilience, oregano can still be susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Aphids, spider mites and fungal diseases are some of the potential threats to your oregano plants. To safeguard your herb garden, employ organic pest control methods whenever possible. Insecticidal soap and neem oil are effective alternatives to harsh chemical pesticides.

Common concerns related to Oregano cultivation

As you nurture your oregano plants, you may encounter common issues such as winter care and leaf yellowing. During colder months, protect oregano plants from excessive moisture and freezing temperatures. In the event of leaf yellowing, check soil moisture levels and apply fertiliser if needed. If the leaves are also wilting, root rot could be the culprit. Improve drainage and consider replanting the oregano in a new location with well-drained soil.

 

Harvest and preservation

As your oregano plants reach maturity, it is time to reap the rewards of your cultivation efforts. Harvesting and preserving oregano ensures you have a consistent supply of this flavorful herb for your culinary and medicinal needs. 

Harvesting at peak flavour

Oregano is best harvested just before the flowers bloom, typically in midsummer. At this stage, the leaves have accumulated the maximum concentration of essential oils, resulting in the most intense flavour and aroma. 

Harvesting techniques

There are two primary methods for harvesting oregano: harvesting individual leaves or entire stems. For fresh use, gently pinch off individual leaves from the stems as needed. For drying or storing, harvest entire stems by cutting them near the base of the plant.

Drying Oregano for long-term storage

Drying is the most common method for preserving oregano for long-term use. Rinse the harvested stems under cool running water to remove any debris. Tie the stems together in small bundles and hang them upside down in a warm, dry, and well-ventilated location away from direct sunlight. Allow the oregano to dry completely, which may take several weeks.

Alternative preservation methods

In addition to drying, you can preserve oregano by freezing or creating oregano oil. To freeze oregano, blanch the leaves briefly in boiling water, then plunge them into ice water to stop the cooking process. Pat the leaves dry and freeze them in airtight containers or freezer bags. To create oregano oil, infuse fresh oregano leaves in a high-quality oil, such as olive oil, for several weeks. Strain the oil and store it in an airtight container in a cool, dark location.

Uses of Oregano

Once your oregano is harvested and preserved, you can incorporate it into a variety of culinary creations. Oregano pairs beautifully with tomatoes, garlic, olive oil, and other Mediterranean staples. It adds depth and complexity to sauces, marinades, pizza toppings, and countless other dishes. Oregano’s medicinal properties can also be harnessed by using it in teas, infusions, and tinctures. It can help alleviate respiratory issues, digestive problems, and skin irritations.

 

FAQs

What are the different types of oregano?

The two most common varieties are Mexican and Greek oregano. Mexican oregano boasts a stronger, more pungent flavour, while Greek oregano has a subtler, more floral aroma.

How should I store oregano?

Dried oregano can be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dark place for up to two years. Fresh oregano can be kept in the refrigerator for up to a week.

Is oregano a mint?

Yes, oregano is a member of the mint family. It is a close relative of thyme, marjoram, and basil.

Is coriander and oregano the same thing?

No, coriander and oregano are not the same thing. Coriander is a member of the parsley family, while oregano is a member of the mint family. Coriander has a slightly citrusy flavour, while oregano has a more pungent, earthy flavour.

What are the different types of oregano?

There are two main types of oregano: Greek oregano and Mexican oregano. Greek oregano is the more common type and has a stronger flavour than Mexican oregano. Mexican oregano has a more citrusy flavour and is often used in Mexican and Latin American dishes.

How do I use oregano?

Oregano can be used fresh or dried. Fresh oregano can be added to salads, soups and stews. Dried oregano is more commonly used and can be added to sauces, marinades, and rubs. Oregano can also be used to make oregano oil, which is a concentrated form of the herb.

How to store oregano?

Fresh oregano should be stored in a cool, dark place for up to a week. Dried oregano should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dark place for up to two years.

Got any questions or point of view on our article? We would love to hear from you. Write to our Editor-in-Chief Jhumur Ghosh at jhumur.ghosh1@housing.com