You may be tempted to have a Cocoa tree in your backyard, considering the delightful taste of its beans and its various uses. Whether you can grow it depends on several factors, including climate, available resources, and personal preferences. This guide will elaborate on all those points to help you understand how you can grow and take care of it.
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Cocoa plant: Physical description
Cocoa is a small, evergreen tree, about 3–4-m tall and has a spreading canopy. It has dark green, glossy leaves with yellowish-white veins and short, thick, yellowish-white flower clusters. Cocoa pods, the fruit of the tree, have leathery skin and contain 30 to 50 seeds, the source of Cocoa. The seeds are surrounded by a sweet, white, edible pulp. They can be ground into Cocoa powder and used to make chocolates.
Cocoa tree: Key facts
| Botanical name | Theobroma Cacao |
| Family | Malvaceae |
| Leaf type | large, ovate oblong to elliptic |
| Flower | Foul-smell, or odourless; they can be present at all times but appear in abundance twice a year |
| Species available | 26 |
| Also known as | Cocoa, tropical evergreen tree |
| Height | From 6–12 m |
| Season | All-year long |
| Sun exposure | Avoid direct sunlight for a few hours |
| Ideal temperature | 65 to 90° degrees Fahrenheit |
| Soil type | deep and fertile soil |
| Soil pH | Slightly acidic to slightly alkaline |
| Basic requirements | Intermittent watering, indirect sunlight, homemade fertilizer |
| Ideal location for placement | Bedrooms, window ledges, and workstations |
| Ideal season to grow | Start of the rainy season |
| Maintenance | Intermediate |
How to grow Cocoa plants?
Cocoa trees are surprisingly resilient and can survive for decades under the right conditions. They are easy to propagate and, if given proper care, can be a great addition to any home garden, or balcony.
Location and temperature
Tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 70°F (21°C) and 90°F (32°C) is ideal to grow Cocoa plants.
Sunlight
An area that receives partial shade, or filtered sunlight is perfect. Direct sunlight can be harmful for your Cocoa plants.
Soil
Well-drained, fertile soil with a pH level between six-seven is ideal to grow these plants.
Humidity
The plant needs high humidity and protection from strong winds.
Soil preparation
Prepare the soil by removing weeds and debris. Mix organic compost, or well-rotted manure to enhance the soil fertility and moisture retention.
Propagation
Cocoa plants are usually propagated from seeds. Get fresh Cocoa seeds and soak them in water for a day or two.
Seed germination
Fill small pots with the potting mix and plant seeds about one inch deep into the soil, spacing them several inches apart.
Watering
Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Germination
Cover the pots, or trays with plastic wrap, or place them in a humid environment. Seeds will typically germinate within one to three weeks.
Transplanting
Once the seedlings are about six-inch tall and have developed a few leaves, transplant them into larger containers or directly into the ground. Space the plants about 6 to 10 feet apart to allow them to grow and spread.
How to take care of Cocoa trees?
- Mulch around the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
- Give protection from strong winds.
- Prune to remove dead or diseased branches or leaves.
- Use specific Cocoa fertilizer for better growth.
Common pests and diseases
Cocoa plants can be susceptible to various pests, including Cocoa pod borer, mirids, and mealybugs. They are also prone to diseases, such as black pod, witches’ broom, and frosty pod rot. Proper cultural practices, regular inspection, and timely application of appropriate organic, or chemical treatments can help manage these issues.
Cocoa tree: Uses
Culinary uses: Cocoa is used to make chocolates and other food products, such as Cocoa powder, Cocoa butter, baking chocolate and Cocoa liquor.
Medicinal uses: Cocoa has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including hypertension, fever and cold. It’s also thought to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities.
Cosmetic uses: Cocoa butter is used as an ingredient in skin and hair care products.
Industrial uses: Cocoa is used to make a variety of industrial products, such as Cocoa liquor, Cocoa butter and Cocoa powder. It is also used in the production of Cocoa-based products, such as chocolate, ice cream and confectionery. It is also used as an ingredient in animal feed.
Cocoa tree: Medicinal benefits
Mood enhancer: Cocoa contains several compounds, including phenylethylamine and anandamide. These are associated with mood enhancement and well-being.
Rich in nutrients: Cocoa is rich in nutrients, including antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins. It contains flavonoids, polyphenols, and other phytochemicals that have antioxidant properties, which help protect the body against free radicals and oxidative stress.
Cardiovascular benefits: The flavonoids present in Cocoa have been linked to potential cardiovascular benefits.
Skin care: The antioxidants found in Cocoa can help protect skin against damage caused by free radicals and environmental factors. Cocoa butter is used in skincare products due to its moisturizing and nourishing properties.
FAQs
How much time does it take for Cocoa trees to start producing fruits?
Cocoa trees start producing fruits after three to five years, with peak production occurring between five and 10 years.
How often should I water Cocoa plants?
They require regular watering to keep the soil consistently moist. Water them whenever the top inch of soil is dry.
Do Cocoa plants need shade?
Cocoa plants prefer partial shade, or areas with filtered sunlight.
How do I fertilize Cocoa plants?
A balanced fertilizer formulated for fruit trees, or a specific Cocoa fertilizer is apt. Apply it two to four times a year, dividing the total amount into multiple applications.
Can Cocoa plants grow outside of tropical regions?
It is difficult to grow Cocoa outside tropical regions. However, some varieties are more tolerant of cooler climates. It may be possible to grow Cocoa plants if these are protected from frost and provided with adequate heat, humidity, and shade.
| Got any questions or point of view on our article? We would love to hear from you. Write to our Editor-in-Chief Jhumur Ghosh at jhumur.ghosh1@housing.com |
