A staircase is a fundamental component of any multi-level building, providing a functional means of navigating between floors. A staircase is more than just a functional element in a building, it is a structural feature that can add aesthetic appeal and architectural interest to the space. Selecting the right type of stairs is crucial for any building or remodelling project and it is important to give careful consideration to its design, materials, and safety features.
Whether opting for a traditional straight design or a more modern option, the design options for a staircase are limitless, allowing for customisation as per the specific needs, style, and space of a building project. While certain types of stairs may be more prevalent in residential spaces, others may be better suited for commercial or industrial settings; it all depends on the design, safety, and functionality requirements of the building.
See also: Steel railing design for home stairs: Elegant design options
Common types of stairs to pick from
Here is a list of some of the most popular types of staircase.
Types of stairs #1: Straight staircase
A straight staircase is a simple yet elegant design that offers a direct and easy means of accessing different levels of a building. They are characterised by a single linear flight of steps that run in a straight line without any change in direction. Their simplicity makes them a popular choice in architecture, as they are easy to design and construct. However, it’s important to note that straight staircases can be space-consuming.
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Types of stairs #2: U-shaped staircase
U-shaped or switchback staircases are characterised by two parallel flights of steps that go in opposite directions, connected by a landing. This design is also known as half-turn, halfback staircases. They are more visually interesting than straight staircases and can be an attractive feature of a building while also providing an efficient means of accessing different levels. These staircases can be a great option when space is limited and a straight staircase is not feasible.
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Types of stairs #3: L-shaped staircase
An L-shaped staircase, also known as a quarter-turn staircase, features two flights of steps that connect at a 90-degree angle with a landing in between. This design can be a great option for fitting into corners, providing an efficient and elegant way to access different levels of a building. The landing provides a natural break in the incline and can also serve as a transition point in the design. These staircases are known for their classic and welcoming look and can add a touch of elegance to a building.
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Types of stairs #4: Winder staircase
Winder staircases, also known as quarter-space stairs, are similar to L-shaped or quarter-turn staircases, with the exception of a landing. They consist of continuous steps that wind around a corner, creating a compact and space-saving design. The steps are wider on one end than the other, allowing for a smooth transition around the corner. These staircases are more common in older homes and can add a touch of vintage charm to a building, while also providing an efficient and space-saving means of accessing different levels.
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Types of stairs #5: Curved staircase
Curved staircases are a grand and elegant design, typically reserved for formal entries, and are known for making a striking architectural statement. They feature a sweeping curve along the wall, often mirrored by a curved bannister. These staircases are the most challenging to design and construct, requiring a high level of craftsmanship and skill, resulting in them being one of the costliest options. They are a luxurious addition to any space, providing a grand entrance and adding a touch of luxuriousness to the building.
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Types of stairs #6: Split staircase
Split staircases, also known as bifurcated staircases, are known for their grand and elegant design, often seen in historic estates and luxury hotels. They consist of one broader flight at the bottom that leads to a generous landing, where two smaller flights split off in opposite directions. This type of staircase typically leads to an open hallway that looks down into the entryway, providing an impressive and dramatic entrance. However, it’s important to note that this style of staircase takes up the most space and can involve added expenses for railings and complex detailing work.
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Types of stairs #7: Spiral staircase
Spiral staircases are a compact and space-saving design that features a central post with steps that spiral upwards to the floor above, often through a hole cut into the floor. They are a great option for smaller homes and spaces where space is at a premium. However, it’s worth noting that they can be challenging to navigate, especially for those with mobility issues, and may make moving large items, such as furniture, difficult.
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Types of stairs #8: Open or floating staircase
Open or floating staircases are modern and sleek, characterised by treads with no risers, giving the appearance of floating steps. The space between each step is open, creating a modern look. They are typically mounted to a wall, which adds to the illusion of them being suspended and can be an eye-catching feature in any building. They provide an efficient means of accessing different levels while adding a unique and aesthetic appeal to the space.
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Types of stairs #9: Closed staircase
A closed staircase is a traditional and classic design characterised by treads that have risers, which are small walls between each step. This design feature prevents visibility through the steps, making them a more common and familiar style. They provide a secure and sturdy means of accessing different levels of a building and are often used in both residential and commercial settings. They can be made from a variety of materials, such as wood, metal, or concrete, and can be designed to fit any architectural style.
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Types of stairs #10: Storage staircase
A storage staircase is a creative and functional design that incorporates storage space in the area under the stairs, making the most of every square inch of the design. These staircases can feature a variety of storage options, such as open shelving, cabinets, seating cavities, and closet spaces. This design is a great solution for small spaces, as it allows you to add extra storage without taking up additional floor space. It can also be a great way to add a unique and practical feature to your home or building.
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Types of stairs #11: Dog-legged stair
A dog-legged staircase design connects two floors in which one flight of stairs ascends to a quarter-landing before turning at a right angle and continuing upwards.
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Types of stairs #12: Open newel stair
This type of staircase design, also known as floating staircase, have an open riser. The design includes two or more flights arranging an opening (wellhole) between the backward and forward flights.
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Types of stairs #13: Geometrical stair
A geometrical staircase design works well for small and compact homes as they do not occupy much space. These stairs have rounded corners and add to the visual appeal of the home.
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FAQs
What materials are commonly used to build stairs?
Common materials used to build stairs include wood, concrete, stone, and metal. Each material has its own unique characteristics and benefits, and the choice of material will depend on factors such as cost, durability, and design aesthetic.
How can I make my stairs safer?
You can make your stairs safer by adding handrails, ensuring proper lighting, and making sure that the stairs are in good condition. You can also consider adding non-slip treads or a stair runner for added grip.
Can stairs be designed to be accessible for people with disabilities?
Yes, stairs can be designed to be accessible for people with disabilities. This may include features such as handrails, non-slip treads, and wider steps to accommodate wheelchairs and walkers. There are also specialised types of stairs, such as inclined platform lifts, which can be installed to help people with mobility issues navigate stairs.
How do I calculate the number of steps needed for a staircase?
The number of steps needed for a staircase can be calculated by dividing the total rise (in inches) by the height of each step (in inches). This will give you the number of steps needed to reach the desired height. It's also important to consider the building codes and regulations for the minimum and maximum step height.
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